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Articles, Updates & Analysis on Indian Laws
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View all news →RBI Specifies April 2027 Implementation of Basel III Operational Risk Capital Requirements for Commercial BanksBanking & RBI · 2026-10-23RBI Revises Commercial Banks' Leverage Ratio Framework; New Rules Effective 1 April 2027Banking & RBI · 2026-10-23SEBI Permits Margin Waiver on Subsequent Cash-Segment Trades Against Accepted Early Pay-In From February 2027SEBI and Capital Markets · 2026-10-22CCI Clears KKR-Backed Maybach Asia Holdings II Acquisition of Sahrudaya Health CareCompetition Law & Mergers · 2026-10-22RBI Fixes SGB 2018-19 Series II Final Redemption Price at ₹14,425 Per Unit for 23 October 2026RBI & Financial Regulation · 2026-10-22RBI Extends Directions on Suri Friends’ Union Co-operative Bank Until 22 January 2027RBI & Banking Regulation · 2026-10-22
Trading Liability Write-Backs in AY 2026–27: Section 41(1), Prior Allowance and the ITR-6 Bridge
Trace old supplier balances to the deduction previously allowed, identify the actual remission or cessation and reconcile the amount to Form 3CD and ITR-6 once.
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Mixed-Use Tangible Assets in AY 2026–27: Section 38(2) and Fair-Proportion Evidence
Support any section 38(2) restriction with actual asset-use evidence and keep the proportionate adjustment distinct from the underlying deduction calculation.
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Employee Fund Payments in AY 2026–27: Section 40(a)(iv) and the Withholding Evidence File
Test the employer’s arrangements for tax on salary-chargeable payments from an employee fund, reconcile the disallowance to ITR-6 and avoid counting it again under contribution rules.
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Legacy Excise and CVD Credits in AY 2026–27: Explanation 9 and the Asset Tax-Cost Trail
Reconstruct qualifying historical duty-credit reductions in asset cost without deducting an old credit again from a tax WDV that already reflects it.
Read article →Moulds and Tools at a GST Job Worker: The Three-Year Exception and the Custody Register
Separate qualifying tooling from ordinary capital goods on the same challan. Apply the time-limit exception without losing sight of custody, movement reporting or later disposals.
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Goods Supplied to Unregistered Recipients: Section 10(1)(ca) and Billing-versus-Delivery Addresses
Apply the unregistered-recipient place rule and CBIC Circular 209/3/2024-GST before copying a consumer billing address into the place-of-supply field.
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Imported Goods under IGST Section 11(a): Importer Location, Customs Tax and Credit Reconciliation
Identify the importer’s location separately from the clearance port and delivery site. Reconcile import IGST from the Bill of Entry to the eligible credit and isolate any later domestic supply.
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Registered B2B Goods Delivered Without Movement: IGST Section 10(1)(c) Evidence
For registered B2B recipients, establish a genuine no-movement supply and document the goods location at delivery; distinguish the unregistered-recipient override.
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Ind AS 10 Approval for Issue: Prove the Cutoff and Disclose the Approving Authority
Close the FY 2025–26 events register against the approval date for the actual financial statements. Disclose who approved them and whether another party can amend them after issue.
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Shorter or Longer Reporting Periods under Ind AS 1: Period Labels, Comparability and the Analysis Bridge
Explain a legally permitted reporting-period change and prevent unequal-duration comparisons from being presented as ordinary annual growth.
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Ind AS 1 Capital Disclosures: Reconcile Management Measures and External Requirements
Build the FY 2025–26 capital note from management reporting, explain the bridge to financial statement balances, and disclose compliance and consequences by requirement where aggregation would mislead.
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Material Income and Expense Disclosures under Ind AS 1: FY 2025–26 Nature-and-Amount Working
Identify material income and expense items, reconcile their amounts and draft specific disclosures instead of hiding them in unexplained other-income or expense totals.
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Signing the Board’s Report and Annexures: A Section 134(6) Release Check
Build a signature and version register for the Board’s report and its annexures. Apply the correct signing route and check that the released financial statement pack contains the approved report.
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Depreciation in Section 198 Profit: Book Charges, Section 123 and the Statutory Allowance Bridge
Replace unsupported depreciation adjustments with a reconciled book-to-statutory allowance bridge before completing the Companies Act remuneration-profit calculation.
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Interest in Section 198 Profit: Reconcile Debentures, Secured Loans and Unsecured Borrowings
Classify borrowing interest under Companies Act section 198(4)(f)–(h) and reconcile it from finance costs to the section 197 remuneration calculation without deducting the same amount twice.
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Revenue Repairs in Section 198 Profit: Capital Work, Expense Evidence and the Deduction Bridge
Separate non-capital repairs from capital work and reconcile the expense already in book profit before completing the Companies Act remuneration-profit working.
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Can a Business Outsource Its Core Work Under the OSH Code?
A contractor’s licence and a signed service agreement do not, by themselves, answer whether a business can engage contract labour for a particular activity. The first question is what the establishment actually exists to do. The next is whether the contract-labour provisions apply and whether the proposed arrangement meets the activity rules and any applicable exception.
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When Can Temporary Workers Claim Permanent Status in Tamil Nadu?
Tamil Nadu’s permanent-status law requires an employer to look beyond the word temporary in an appointment letter. In a covered industrial establishment, the statutory test concerns a workman’s continuous service of 480 days within twenty-four calendar months. Repeated short renewals do not, by themselves, answer whether that test has been met.
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Does Your Maharashtra Warehouse Need Mathadi Board Registration?
The word warehouse does not decide Mathadi coverage. A Maharashtra business must identify the actual manual operations, the current scheduled employment, the goods handled, the geographical scope of the relevant scheme and the workers performing the work. A general labour registration or a contractor’s licence does not replace that assessment.
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Can a Kerala Business Use Its Own Employees for Loading and Unloading?
Sometimes, but ordinary payroll records are not the complete answer. A Kerala business must identify the work, the establishment’s statutory coverage, the exact location and whether the relevant welfare scheme operates there. It must then examine the status and registration of the people who will perform the work.
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Renewing a Delhi Commercial Lease: Stamp Duty, Registration and Changes to Rent or Term
A tenant remaining in the same Delhi office does not make a lease renewal legally invisible. The original deed, renewal option, notices and proposed extension document must be read together. A fresh term, changed consideration or new rights can require a new stamp and registration assessment even when the keys never change hands.
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Renting an Office in Maharashtra: Stamp Duty and Registration for a Leave-and-Licence Agreement
An e-stamp, payment receipt or notary's seal does not by itself establish that an office agreement has been registered. In Maharashtra, the legal classification of the arrangement, the applicability of the Maharashtra Rent Control Act and the actual document all need examination. An eleven-month term is not an automatic registration exemption.
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PSARA Licence in West Bengal: Adding Districts, Opening Branches and Taking Out-of-State Contracts
A private security agency should compare every proposed client location with the territory written in its PSARA licence before promising deployment. An office address, company registration and security-services contract do not expand that territory. A West Bengal licence also does not become an all-India licence because the agency serves a national client.
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Packing Loose Goods in a Kerala Shop: When Do Packer Registration and Label Rules Begin?
A Kerala shop changes its legal-metrology position when it begins preparing predetermined packets before customers arrive. Buying bulk rice, spices or household goods and putting them into ready-to-sell units can make the retailer a packer as well as a seller. A small shop is not generally exempt merely because packing happens behind the counter rather than in a factory.
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Rescinding a Voidable Contract: Sections 64 and 66 and the Benefits Return Ledger
Separate a valid election to rescind from ordinary cancellation. Record effective communication, stop the affected performance and reconcile benefits received by the rescinding party.
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Agent Skill and Diligence under Section 212: Direct Loss, Causation and the Compensation Working
Build an evidence-based claim linking an agent’s neglect, lack of skill or misconduct to direct consequences, while separating unsupported and remote amounts.
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Notice to a Commercial Agent under Section 229: Prove When the Principal Was Put on Notice
Section 229 can attribute notice or information to a principal when the agent receives it in the course of the relevant agency business. Build a transaction timeline that separates this knowledge from unrelated or earlier information.
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When an Agent Exceeds Authority: Sections 227–228 and the Separable-Transaction Evidence
Identify the authorised part and test genuine separability before asserting that a principal must recognise all, part or none of an agent’s transaction.
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When a Partner Misapplies Customer Money or Property: The Section 27 Liability File
Distinguish receipt by an apparently authorised partner from receipt by the firm in its business. Reconcile lost property, returns and outstanding exposure.
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When a Customer Deposit Must Come First: Reciprocal Promises under Contract Act Sections 51–54
Read the payment and performance sequence before suspending work. Separate a true first promise from simultaneous obligations and quantify supported loss.
Read article →Supplier Non-Delivery: Build a Replacement-Purchase Damages Working under Section 57
Compare like-for-like replacement costs for undelivered goods, document mitigation, and keep deposits and overlapping losses separate.
Read article →When a Buyer Leaves Goods Uncollected: Section 44 Loss and Custody Charges
Build a claim for goods left uncollected by proving readiness, a delivery request, reasonable time, causation and reasonable custody costs.
Read article →Environmental-Cost MIS: Reconcile Material Flows Before Claiming Waste and Energy Savings
Reconcile physical inputs, useful output and non-product flows before assigning environmental costs. Separate a management cost allocation from cash savings, validate disposal and recovery evidence, and normalise production before approving an efficiency claim.
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Quality-Cost MIS: Four Cost Pools, Verified Savings and the Profit-to-Cash Bridge
Build a quality-cost report that reconciles prevention, appraisal and failure costs without double counting. Distinguish accounting savings, released capacity and cash benefits before claiming that a quality project has paid for itself.
Read article →Target-Costing MIS: Reconcile Sales Margin, Lifetime Costs and the Remaining Design Gap
Translate a market-supported selling price into an allowable cost, then reconcile the design gap to the same lifetime cost boundary. A linked six-part model shows why margin and markup differ, redesign costs cannot be ignored, and lower lifetime volume can reverse an apparent cost achievement.
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Statutory Audit Checklist for Foreign Subsidiaries in India: Related Party Disclosures, CARO 2020, and Dual GAAP Adjustments
Audit checklist for Indian subsidiaries of foreign groups: related parties, transfer pricing, CARO, audit trails, FEMA and reconciling statutory accounts to group reporting.
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Setting Up Business in India: Comparing Wholly Owned Subsidiary (WOS), Branch Office, and Liaison Office
Compare an Indian wholly owned subsidiary, branch office and liaison office by permitted activities, FEMA approvals, corporate tax and how funds can be remitted. Includes a project office example.
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Family Business Succession in India: Creating Private Family Trusts vs Wills from Corporate Law and Tax Angles
Compare Indian private family trusts and wills for business succession, including probate after the 2025 amendment, transfer and trust income taxes, ownership reporting, and listed-company approvals.
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Bank Project Funding: Navigating Collateral Valuation, Encumbrance Certificates, and Legal Search Reports
A practical guide to collateral valuation, title searches, encumbrance certificates, CERSAI records and mortgages for Indian bank project funding.
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External Commercial Borrowings in India: RBI Limits, Loan Registration and Reporting
Apply the 2026 ECB framework to borrower and lender eligibility, outstanding borrowing limits, maturity, costs, end use and reporting through the designated bank.
Read article →How to Prepare for a Bank Stock & Receivables Audit: Drawing Power Calculation and Common Auditor Objections
Prepare for a lender’s stock and receivables audit: reconcile inventory and ageing, apply the sanctioned drawing power formula, check insurance wording and address ten common findings.
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India–Singapore Private Pensions and Annuities: Article 19 Classification Before Tax Calculation
Classify each retirement receipt before applying Article 19. Qualifying non-government pensions and annuities have a residence-State taxing allocation, subject to treaty entitlement and other applicable conditions; a retirement label alone does not establish relief.
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India–Singapore Visiting Teachers: Article 21 Invitations, Two-Year Visits and Private-Benefit Research
Article 21 can exempt qualifying teaching or research remuneration in the host State. Establish pre-visit residence, the institution’s invitation, the visit’s purpose and duration, and the private-benefit research exclusion before applying relief to a payment.
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India–Singapore Students and Trainees: Separate Foreign Support, Monthly Service Pay and the Five-Year Limit
Article 20 gives qualifying temporary students and trainees different relief for foreign maintenance remittances, specified awards and limited local service remuneration. A monthly payroll test and a first-arrival record prevent annual averaging and an automatic five-year exemption.
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