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Company Law

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Company Law

296 articles
Section 164 Disqualification of Directors, Section 167 Vacation of Office, DIN KYC & Form DIR-8

Disqualification and Vacation of Office of Directors: Section 164, Section 167 & Form DIR-8 Guide

Exhaustive corporate legal guide to Disqualification and Vacation of Office of Directors under Sections 164 and 167 of the Companies Act, 2013. Analyzes Section 164(1) personal defaults vs Section 164(2) non-filing of financial statements/annual returns for 3 consecutive years, automatic vacation under Section 167(1)(a), the 2018 amendment proviso, DIN deactivation/reactivation, and secretarial audit with assurePractice.

By Team assureOffice
CARO 2020 Reporting Checklist, Statutory Audit 21 Clauses, Auditor Red Flags & Disclosures

CARO 2020 Reporting Guide for Statutory Auditors: Detailed Checklist for All 21 Clauses and Critical Red Flags

A comprehensive auditing masterclass on the Companies (Auditor's Report) Order, 2020 (CARO 2020). Details applicability thresholds, clause-by-clause reporting guidance across all 21 clauses, quarterly stock statement reconciliations, Benami property disclosures, going concern evaluation under Clause (xix), and NFRA audit inspection defenses.

By Team assureOffice
Section 188 Related Party Transactions, Audit Committee Omnibus Approval, Rule 15 & Form AOC-2

Related Party Transactions under Section 188: Omnibus Approval, Rule 15 & Form AOC-2 Guide

Exhaustive corporate secretarial guide to Related Party Transactions (RPT) under Section 188 of the Companies Act, 2013 and Rule 15. Details the arm's length and ordinary course exception, 10% materiality thresholds, Audit Committee omnibus approvals under Section 177, mandatory Form AOC-2 disclosures in Board's Report, Section 188(5) fines, and RPT governance workflows with assurePractice.

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Registration of Charges Section 77-87, Form CHG-1, Form CHG-4 Satisfaction & Section 86 Penalties

Registration & Satisfaction of Charges under Companies Act: Section 77 to 87 & Form CHG-1 Guide

Comprehensive corporate secretarial guide to Registration and Satisfaction of Charges under Sections 77 to 87 of the Companies Act, 2013 and Rules. Details the 30-day filing timeline, 120-day ROC condonation, Regional Director relief in Form CHG-8 under Section 87, Form CHG-4 satisfaction mechanics, voidness against liquidator under Section 77(3), and charge management with assurePractice.

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Section 149 Independent Directors, Schedule IV Code, IICA Databank Test & Section 149(12) Immunity

Independent Directors under Companies Act: Section 149, Schedule IV Code & IICA Databank Guide

Exhaustive corporate governance guide to Independent Directors under Section 149 of the Companies Act, 2013 and Schedule IV. Explains the unlisted public company thresholds (₹10 Cr capital / ₹100 Cr turnover / ₹50 Cr debt), pecuniary relationship tests, IICA Databank proficiency exam exemptions, tenure and Special Resolution reappointments, Section 149(12) director immunity, and board audit workflows with assurePractice.

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Postal Ballot Section 110, E-Voting Section 108, Rule 22 Items & Scrutinizer Report Form MGT-14

Postal Ballot & E-Voting under Companies Act: Section 110, Rule 22 & Scrutinizer Report Guide

Deep-dive corporate secretarial guide to Postal Ballot under Section 110 and E-Voting under Section 108 of the Companies Act, 2013 and Rules 20 & 22. Explains the mandatory postal ballot items (Section 180, 186, object clause change), remote e-voting procedures, independent Scrutinizer verification, compiling Scrutinizer's Report, Form MGT-14 filing, and secretarial automation with assurePractice.

By Team assureOffice
Dematerialization of Private Companies Rule 9B, ISIN Allotment, Form PAS-6 & Section 450 Penalties

Dematerialization of Securities in Private Companies: Rule 9B Mandate, Form PAS-6 & ISIN Guide

Exhaustive corporate secretarial guide to mandatory dematerialization for private limited companies under Rule 9B of the PAS Rules. Details the Small Company exemption criteria, obtaining ISIN from NSDL/CDSL, RTA tripartite agreements, ban on physical transfers and bonus issues, half-yearly Form PAS-6 reconciliation within 60 days, and secretarial practice automation with assurePractice.

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Section 204 Secretarial Audit, Form MR-3 Report, SS-1 & SS-2 Compliance, PCS Due Diligence & Fines

Secretarial Audit under Section 204 & Form MR-3: Applicability, Secretarial Standards & PCS Guide

Comprehensive corporate governance guide to Secretarial Audit under Section 204 of the Companies Act, 2013 and Rule 9. Analyzes the ₹50 Cr capital, ₹250 Cr turnover, and ₹100 Cr borrowing thresholds, Form MR-3 independent audit report, compliance with Secretarial Standards (SS-1 & SS-2), Board's Report disclosures under Section 134(3)(f), and secretarial audit automation with assurePractice.

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Acceptance of Deposits Section 73-76, Form DPT-3 Annual Return, Rule 2(1)(c) Exemptions & Fines

Acceptance of Deposits under Companies Act: Section 73 to 76, Form DPT-3 & Exempted Receipts Guide

Comprehensive corporate secretarial guide to Acceptance of Deposits under Sections 73 to 76 of the Companies Act, 2013 and Rule 2(1)(c). Explains the 25+ exempted categories (director loans, share application money, trade advances), mandatory annual filing of Form DPT-3 by June 30, Deposit Repayment Reserve (20%), credit rating mandates, Section 76A criminal penalties, and deposit audit workflows with assurePractice.

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Section 186 Loans & Investments, 60%/100% Limits, Special Resolution, MBP-2 Register & CARO Clause 4

Section 186 Loans, Guarantees & Investments: Inter-Corporate Deposits, Special Resolution & MBP-2 Guide

Deep-dive corporate secretarial and financial guide to Section 186 of the Companies Act, 2013 governing loans, guarantees, securities, and investments. Details the 60%/100% statutory thresholds, unanimous board approval mandates, special resolution passed in general meetings, Form MBP-2 register maintenance, interest rate benchmarks linked to sovereign bond yields, wholly-owned subsidiary exemptions, and CARO 2020 Clause (iv) audit reporting with assurePractice.

By Team assureOffice
Internal Financial Controls over Financial Reporting (IFC-FR), Section 134(5)(e) Directors'

Internal Financial Controls (ICFR) under Companies Act: Section 134(5)(e), Section 143(3)(i) & Auditor Testing Guide

Comprehensive practitioner guide to Internal Financial Controls over Financial Reporting (IFC-FR) under Companies Act 2013: Section 134(5)(e) directors' responsibility, Section 143(3)(i) statutory auditor reporting, MCA private company exemptions, COSO testing methodology, ITGC evaluation, material weakness remediation, and practical case studies.

By Team assureOffice